• The following are the supplementary data related to

  2018-11-06

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Within the human body, three mechanisms of blood vessel formation can be distinguished, namely vasculogenesis, arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. In particular angiogene

• Before the Hippo pathway was

  2018-11-06

  

  Before the Hippo pathway was delineated in Drosophila, several crucial components of the pathway had already been cloned in mammals (Tapon et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 1991; Sudol, 1994; Creasy and Chernoff, 1995; Tao et al., 1999). The functions of these crucial Hippo pathway components have been wel

• Molecular karyotyping identified a novel

  2018-11-06

  

  Molecular karyotyping identified a novel 2.4Mb gain on chromosome 5p14.3 and a gain on chromosome 12p11.21, which was also found in KCL040. The gain on chromosome 5p14.3 containing a single gene, CDH18 (Cadherin-18), was also present in one of two sibling cell lines, KCL032, but not in KCL034, a th

• TSA a HDAC inhibitor has a differential

  2018-11-06

  

  TSA, a HDAC inhibitor, has a differential affinity to bind various HDAC complexes (Bantscheff et al., 2011). In the present study, ChIP analysis revealed that HDAC2 and HDAC3 are bound with higher affinity to the Cyclin B1 promoter in BMSCs and the Cyclin D2 promoter in HSPCs, which inhibits the exp

• br Materials and methods br Author disclosure statement br A

  2018-11-06

  

  Materials and methods Author disclosure statement Acknowledgments This study was supported by fund from National Medical Research Council (NMRC) of Singapore, the Translational Clinical Research (TCR) award (NMRC/TCR/013-NNI/2014) and STaR award (NMRC/STaR/014/2013). We thank Ms. Fiona Seti

• We previously showed that huntingtin HTT the protein mutated

  2018-11-06

  

  We previously showed that huntingtin (HTT), the protein mutated in Huntington’s disease (HD), is required in murine neuronal progenitors for appropriate spindle orientation and for cell fate determination (Godin et al., 2010). Yet, the mechanisms underlying HTT function during spindle orientation re

• Determining whether the specification of most or all

  2018-11-06

  

  Determining whether the specification of most, or all, cell lineages occurs within neoblasts is essential for understanding the cellular basis for planarian regeneration. Specifically, at what cellular step in regeneration is the identity of new Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH specified? On the basis of prior res

• br Introduction Human induced pluripotent stem

  2018-11-05

  

  Introduction Human induced pluripotent stem Bleomycin Sulfate (hiPSCs) carry the whole genetic context of a patient and can be a virtually unlimited source of differentiated cell types of interest. Increasingly, hiPSCs are being applied for disease modeling and drug screening for a number of neur

• br Results br Discussion Notch signaling has

  2018-11-05

  

  Results Discussion Notch signaling has been reported to play multiple roles during the CNS development. In progenitor cells, Notch signaling inhibits the differentiation of NSCs into INPs (Gao et al., 2009; Mizutani et al., 2007; Pierfelice et al., 2011). There are at least three types of neur

• Valproic acid VPA is a short chain carboxylic acid

  2018-11-05

  

  Valproic isradipine (VPA) is a short-chain carboxylic acid commonly used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorders. Its pharmacological effects involve distinct mechanisms that affect the transmission of nerve signals in vitro and in vivo. Several intracellular pathways, such as the mTOR

• These organoid technologies have been pioneered for the smal

  2018-11-05

  

  These organoid technologies have been pioneered for the small intestine (Sato et al., 2009) and later extended also to other organs or parts of organs (Nakano et al., 2012). Recently, protocols for the generation of human brain-like organoids have been developed, including protocols for cerebral (La

• As a comparison Fig d shows the

  2018-11-05

  

  As a comparison, Fig. 2d shows the shape of the curve for the probe approaching the measured sample (curve 2) for the case when the standard system for detecting the position of the probe tip is used. This system is based on the principle of registering the position of the laser beam reflected from

• The results also highlight the value of thinking about gende

  2018-11-05

  

  The results also highlight the value of thinking about gender-based educational disparities in broader terms than school participation alone. In many low-income contexts, the rapid increase in enrollment has been at the expense of school quality (Pritchett, 2013), and, compared to boys, girls’ schoo

• br Author contributions br Funding C

  2018-11-05

  

  Author contributions Funding C.W.F. is a contractor of the US National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health (HHSN 276201200161U). The funding source had no role in study design, data interpretation, or manuscript preparation. Conflict of interes

• These findings are particularly important when you take

  2018-11-05

  

  These findings are particularly important when you take into account the health selection process with respect to the incarcerated and noninstitutionalized populations for each group. Consider the values presented in Table 1 that describe the prevalence of each health problem for black and white men

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